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Lack of diverse blood group was probably involved in the Neanderthal extinction

With the onset of new humans from Africa, their red blood cells appear to have also undergone rapid and vital transformation, and this change possibly played an important role in their survival in new environments. But biological adaptation probably had unpredictable effects on the Neanderthals, and even led to the decline in population and ultimately, their extinction.

A new study has achieved an interesting discovery by the genome sequence of people living between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago: Neanderthals had a very rare blood group that could be fatal for their infants.

Human blood groups are determined by substances called antigen; Compounds include proteins and sugars on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO grouping system, which divides blood into categories A, B, O and AB, is probably familiar to many people. Antigens are identified by the immune system as part of the body itself, but if a person with a blood group B receives a person with a blood group A, his immune system identifies and attacks these antigens as an alien agent.

Another factor that is important in blood grouping is RH or Rosus factor that shows the positive or negative of the blood group. Today, accurate identification of these compounds is essential for successful blood transfusion.

The inconsistencies were probably one of the factors behind the decline in the population of Neanderthals and their extinction

However, the complexity of red blood cells is beyond well -known systems. At the surface of these cells, there are hundreds of other antigens that are less well known. In addition, the internal structure of red blood cells also shows differences that are transmitted from generation to generation. In the new study, a team of scholars at the University of Xmar in France, studying ancient genomes, attempted to better understand the evolutionary history of Neanderthals, Dansova and modern humans.

Stephen Mazir“The Neanderthals had a blood group that is very rare among the new people,” said Genetic Democratic and Main Reading Writer. This particular type of hazard, which is related to the kind of AHD (RHD), was not consistent with the blood groups of the early wise people and humans.

“If Neanderthal’s woman is intercourse with a man of wise or Denisoa human species, the likelihood of a baby’s hemolytic disease was very high,” Mazier continued. It can lead to jaundice, severe anemia, brain damage or even infant death. He believes that the inconsistency could be one of the factors behind the decline in the Neanderthal population and ultimately their extinction.

Today, it is not yet fully aware of why most new humans have antigen and some lack it. But in the case of pregnancy, a negative embryo with a positive fetus, the disorder occurs. In such circumstances, the pregnant female immune system may identify and attack the red blood cells of the fetus as an attacker. The result of this reaction can be the baby’s hemolytic disease.

Currently, the problem of disadvantage is prevented by injecting specific antibodies before delivery. But about 5,000 years ago, there was no such solution, and this incompatibility could have had a deadly consequence.

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The researchers also found that the jerk gene variants, which are found in many humans today, have inherited from the early ancestors of the wise man. These variants appear to have evolved after leaving Africa and possibly during the Iranian plateau. But on the contrary, the Neanderthals had variants that were only compatible with each other and almost no change over the past 5,000 years.

In this way, genetic isolation can explain why the neanderthal red blood cells were not very diverse over time. But there is still a key question: Why did the red blood cells of the early wise humans in a relatively short period of time, about 6,000 years, diversified so much?

“My first guess was that population growth was the cause of change,” Maziere replies. “Eurasia’s new environments are likely to help maintain this diversity over generations.”

Mazir also points out that the findings of the study are in line with archeological and genetic studies. According to evidence, new genetic pedigree was emerged in the Iranian plateau between the ages of about 5,000 and 6,000 years ago, and the stone tools were made significant progress. On the contrary, the lack of diversity in the red blood cells of Neanderthals and Denisoos indicates intra -group intercourse and decline in their population, which eventually led to the extinction of these groups.

The findings of the study have been published in the journal Science of Reports.

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